Nova S47E1: English vocabulary

the quality of being very large or wide

a heated glass building where plants are grown

having no smell

very cold

the lower jaw of a person or animal

the movement and structure of the Earth's crust

a person who gathers things, especially crops or wild plants

to show your bare buttocks to someone as a joke or insult

a very steep cliff or rock face

a small house made of blocks of snow, traditionally used by Inuit people

a person whose job or role is to welcome and help guests or newcomers

things that are left over after something is used, eaten, or finished

a highly poisonous plant with small white flowers and a bad smell

feeling sick and dizzy because of the movement of a boat or ship

to press something so that it becomes smaller and tighter

to send out or throw out quickly and forcefully

a single drop of rain

rough, messy, or made up of small broken pieces

a pointed part where two curves meet

beans, peas, and similar plants or their seeds, used as food

to sell something for less than a competitor

in a steep way

relating to geology or to the Earth's structure and history

having small holes made through it

the amount by which something is enlarged, especially in a microscope or lens

a wild sheep of western North America with large curved horns

a part of a building or other structure that sticks out over something below

one of the small bones that make up the spine

a member of certain peoples in central Africa and parts of Southeast Asia

a simple living thing that grows as a flat, crusty, or leafy patch on rocks, trees, or walls

to hide something in your hand, especially secretly

the act or process of becoming less clear or transparent

(of a tree or shrub) losing its leaves each year

to change up and down irregularly

a small wild plant with bright yellow flowers

a hard, chewy sweet made from sugar and butter

to flow slowly through small holes or a porous material

one of the branched bony growths on a deer, elk, or moose

to let gas out of your stomach through your mouth with a noise

to increase very quickly

a tree that has cones and needle-like leaves and usually stays green all year

extremely hot

the act of moving a boat by pushing a pole against the bottom of the water

the larger bone in the lower part of the leg, between the knee and the ankle

the process that green plants use to make food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

a large wild animal like a reindeer that lives in northern North America

a scientist who studies fossils and the history of life on Earth

the sport of traveling down a river in a raft

to become too hot, or to make something too hot

the nut of the hazel tree

more able or skilled than someone or something else

an animal that eats meat

wet, muddy, and like a swamp

able to change easily to fit new conditions or situations

a person or animal that lives in a particular place

made up of different kinds of things; mixed

a cocker spaniel

to have a close relationship or connection with something, often so that one changes when the other changes

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

a tiny cell that a plant, fungus, or some bacteria uses to reproduce

covering something completely, especially with a layer of snow, smoke, or other material

dangerous because it may cause harm or trouble

farthest south

a device that sprays water over grass or plants

farthest north

the long bone in the upper part of the leg

a part of a machine that spins around a central point

used to say something is surprising or worth noticing

relating to the movement and structure of the Earth's crust

to fall or make something fall over, especially suddenly

relating to areas just outside the tropics, usually warm and humid

the act of keeping horses in stables

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

a large tree with smooth gray bark and hard, pale wood

to cover or treat something so that heat, sound, or electricity cannot pass through easily

to eat something in a noisy or casual way