Nova S1E6: English vocabulary

to cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, with a tool

a board balanced in the middle that children sit on and go up and down

a machine used for shaping wood, metal, or other material by turning it against cutting tools

a thin, stiff piece of material used to support an injured bone or joint

a building at the entrance to a castle, estate, or other enclosed area

to make something look larger, especially with a lens or microscope

a period of very heavy rain

to surround a place with armed forces in order to capture it or force it to surrender

the use of force or pressure to get something

covered with a thin protective layer of plastic

a traditional Scottish skirt made of tartan cloth

a steep, rough rock face or cliff

one of the pointed parts on a fork or similar object

the act of keeping and storing a lot of things, often too many

the bending or curving of something under pressure

to turn or rotate on a central point

a strange or complicated machine or device

a person who records and writes about events, especially historical ones

in a way that relates to the military or armed forces

the act of moving a boat by pushing a pole against the bottom of the water

the way two or more things affect each other

relating to a system in which people or things are ranked in levels of importance

a lucky result that seems unlikely or accidental

to make someone feel annoyed, upset, or disappointed

to make slightly wet

the government department that manages public money

a wheel with a rope or chain running over it, used for lifting heavy things or changing the direction of a pull

more able or skilled than someone or something else

the traditional qualities of a knight, such as honor, courage, and courtesy

showing disrespect or contempt

full of longing or sadness for someone or something

to push or touch someone or something gently

a bloodsucking worm, or a person who takes advantage of others

toward the north

the work of measuring land and recording its features, often for a map or building plan

to make someone feel extreme fear

to pull back suddenly, often because you are frightened or shocked

fastened with a hinge or hinges so it can swing open and shut

to cause a sudden shock or surprise

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

a device that throws objects by using a sudden release of force

to move a little, or make something move a little

the act of making something shorter or less long

the work or skill of making things from wood

to become deeply involved in something

a way of getting around a rule or law because of a gap or weakness in it

a suffix added to adjectives to form nouns meaning a quality or state

the act of pulling back a gun’s hammer or firing mechanism

moving gently against something with a soft, light sound

an object that is thrown or fired through the air

the ropes, wires, and chains that support a ship's masts and sails

very ugly, frightening, or shocking

great courage and bravery in danger or difficult situations

to force someone to do something, or make them feel they must do it

a fight or struggle, especially one involving many people

the way a person thinks about things and makes decisions

to move very slowly and carefully in a particular direction

a native or inhabitant of Scotland

a close-fitting cover for a knife, sword, or similar object

to throw something with a quick, forceful motion

the act of removing a covering, layer, or clothes

in a way that causes death or serious harm

locked with a key

to make something longer or last longer

to a very great degree; extremely

the day when God judges everyone, according to Christian belief

the practice of learning a job by following and watching an experienced worker

in a way that is complete and causes major change

to make someone very interested or curious

violent or very messy disorder; chaos

the central point or part that something turns around

a person or thing that pounds something, especially a kitchen tool for crushing food

smoothed by rubbing with sandpaper

to send something to a different place, person, or direction

very clever and original; showing inventiveness

smiling broadly and showing happiness or excitement