Nova S43E19: English vocabulary

to heat something again

the process of extracting metal from ore by heating it

to put something under water or another liquid

a mixture of different ingredients or things

the amount by which something is enlarged, especially in a microscope or lens

to cut or mark a design into a hard surface, often with acid or a sharp tool

a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures

very light, delicate, and beautiful in a way that seems almost unreal

a tool with two handles that is squeezed to blow air into a fire

to attract and hold someone's attention or interest strongly

the act or process of becoming less clear or transparent

to flow slowly through small holes or a porous material

the ability of a material to stretch and return to its original shape

to suggest an explanation for something based on limited evidence

the waste left after metal has been melted

a flat shape with six sides and six angles

a person who makes, repairs, or sells jewelry

the act of fastening something with pegs or stakes

the process of coloring fabric or other materials

to make something, especially a reputation, seem less good or less respected

a hard gray metal used in steel and other alloys

a device or surface that reflects light in a chosen direction

to put something firmly inside or into something else

a hard, silvery metal used in steel and other alloys

more able or skilled than someone or something else

a medieval practice that tried to turn ordinary metals into gold and find a cure for all illness

full of tiny holes that let air or liquid pass through

used to emphasize something, often in a strong or negative way

to attack a place with bombs or shells

a narrow crack or opening, especially in rock or a wall

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

a chemical used to kill germs on surfaces

the quality of being stiff, tight, or hard to move

a small, round, compressed piece of material

to hang down loosely or swing gently

shaped by hammering, especially metal

unfriendly and not wanting to spend time with other people

the quality of being light in weight

a bridge-like structure that carries a road or railway over a valley or low ground

the quality of being cultured, stylish, and knowledgeable

the act of keeping horses in stables

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

written or marked lightly with a pencil

the skill and care shown in making something well

feeling or showing extreme happiness and excitement

a soft, smooth shine on a surface

the ability to recover quickly after problems or hardship

giving off a bright, glowing light or color

the process of a substance combining with oxygen

to move in a circular or spiraling motion

having a decorative edge made of hanging threads or strips

to make a short, high sound, especially like a small bird or insect

very tall or high, especially in a way that is impressive

slightly white in color

the study of correct reasoning

slightly green in color

a framework of beams or bars that supports a roof, bridge, or other structure

to dig up something that is buried or hidden

the fact of living for a long time

melted by heat and in a liquid state

the act of removing a covering, layer, or clothes

locked with a key

the act of creating or preparing something in a careful, deliberate way

used to ask what something really means or is, especially in British English

an obscure song by a well-known artist

made hard or tougher by heat, cold, use, or time

the act of adding salt to food or water

to make an exact copy of something or repeat an experiment or result

to treat someone in a cruel or insulting way

used for treating illness or helping you get better

in a way that is part of the basic nature of something

making a deep, loud sound

to go around from place to place, often in a casual or aimless way

to explain something in more detail

a gas or mist, especially one that comes from a liquid

clear and strong, and hard to ignore