Nova S44E11: English vocabulary

to stir cream or milk until it becomes butter

the act of forcing someone to leave a place or group

the scientific study of how matter interacts with light and other electromagnetic radiation

the act of moving a boat by pushing a pole against the bottom of the water

a lucky result that seems unlikely or accidental

used to describe something that helps predict what will happen

in a way that shows confidence and self-assurance

more able or skilled than someone or something else

relating to ancient Babylon or its people

shaped like an ellipse

to impress someone very strongly, especially with beauty, skill, or style

the Fahrenheit temperature scale, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°

the division of people or opinions into two strongly opposed groups

covering something completely, especially with a layer of snow, smoke, or other material

shiny and pale, like a pearl

in a way that is not obvious or direct

the light that comes from stars

something that makes a surface, line, or shape even or level

very careful about small details and exactness

to twist or become twisted into a messy mass

in a way that uses electricity or is powered by electricity

the practice of selling unpaid bills to get money before they are paid

a ruler or high-ranking leader in some Muslim countries

a person or thing that chases something

the force that makes some materials attract or repel each other

a person who is the first to find or notice something

used to show happiness, excitement, or approval

to say something suddenly and loudly, especially because you are surprised or excited

strange, ghostly, or eerie

difficult to find, catch, understand, or remember

to separate threads or fibers, or come apart into threads

strange in a way that makes you feel nervous or frightened

usually; in the normal way

a state of constant change or movement

the act of moving along without using power

the act of removing a covering, layer, or clothes

locked with a key

a solid shape with flat sides, often used to split light into colors

an expression of praise or good wishes for someone's success or good luck

to a very great degree; extremely

to make something move in a different direction

to help explain something or make it easier to understand

the practice of learning a job by following and watching an experienced worker

spread out over a wide area; not concentrated

relating to the force of gravity

acting quickly without thinking about the results

to give off a sound, smell, light, or gas

a sign that something good or bad is going to happen

to explain something in more detail

a device that changes the voltage of an alternating current

to shine with small flashes of light

to talk in a casual, lively way

the equipment and setup used to make products in a factory

a process that makes cloth stiffer and stronger by coating it with a special substance

relating to the sky or outer space

to make it possible for something to happen

used to say something that is bold, rude, or about a taboo topic

a ring of light around the sun, moon, or another object

to find or enjoy something again after forgetting it or losing touch with it

to make or become darker

to attack someone suddenly and aggressively, with words or physically

to use damaging information to pressure someone

to suddenly put someone or something into a difficult situation or state

very interested in something and enthusiastic about it

to rebel against authority or start a revolt

to seriously damage or weaken something

a game in which a player or side must reach five points before the other side does

a small round object with a hole through it, used in jewelry or decoration

the use of several layers, especially in clothing

move back to a safer place

to land or settle lightly on something

to feel worried or afraid about something that may happen

a light, colorless gas used in balloons and some scientific equipment

relating to astronomy or space

a very powerful nuclear weapon that uses nuclear fusion

a sweet, smooth mixture used to cover cakes and cookies